Bibliographies: 'Maternal object' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

AbstractThis study examines maternal talk about events in which persons or objects are hidden, missing, or absent, and the relationship of maternal language to the child's acquisition of words for disappearance. Twelve mother-child pairs were videotaped in the home during play when the children were 12, 15, and 18 months of age. The mothers kept a diary of the children 's words. Maternal language was coded during four types of disappearance events: peekaboo, hidden object games, missing objects, and absent entities. Children who had acquiredgoneand similar terms experienced more disappearance events and heard more maternal talk about disappearance than children who had not acquired a word for disappearance.

Abstract:

The potential effects of maternal care-related stimuli on imprinting in domestic chicks were examined. In the first phase, one group of chicks received a simulated brooding experience with a primary imprinting object during two training sessions, whereas chicks in another group received exposure to the object without being brooded. In subsequent testing, the brooded chicks showed a robust preference for the primary imprinting object, whereas the non-brooded chicks showed a weaker preference for the object. In the second phase, one group of chicks was exposed to a secondary imprinting object associated with a feeding opportunity, whereas another group received exposure to the object in the absence of such an experience. In subsequent testing, the fed chicks showed a strong preference for the secondary imprinting object, whereas the non-fed chicks showed no preference. These results suggest that stimuli experienced through usual maternal care may be an important factor in filial imprinting.

Abstract:

ABSTRACTTen mothers were observed prospectively, interacting with their infants aged 0 ; 10 in two contexts (picture description and noun description). Maternal communicative behaviours were coded for volubility, gestural production and labelling style. Verbal labelling events were categorized into three exclusive categories: label only; label plus deictic gesture; label plus iconic gesture. We evaluated the predictive relations between maternal communicative style and children's subsequent acquisition of ten target nouns. Strong relations were observed between maternal communicative style and children's acquisition of the target nouns. Further, even controlling for maternal volubility and maternal labelling, maternal use of iconic gestures predicted the timing of acquisition of nouns in comprehension. These results support the proposition that maternal gestural input facilitates linguistic development, and suggest that such facilitation may be a function of gesture type.

Abstract:

ABSTRACTDevelopmental differences in object word learning and use were investigated. Two groups of infant speakers: Beginner (vocabularies under 50 words) and Advanced (vocabularies over 50 words), participated in a concept formation and word learning and generalization experiment. Results indicated that both speaker groups formed concepts of and learned words for the to-be-learned objects, and generalized these words. However, Advanced speakers learned more concepts and words, and engaged in broader generalization than Beginner speakers. The following variables did not account for these developmental differences: child age, object permanence development, maternal speech, child action on objects. These findings can be explained by developmental differences in both the number and kind of object concepts formed in the second year. Words were primarily acquired for object concepts by both speaker groups. However, Beginner speakers formed fewer concepts, thus having a less extensive conceptual base supporting word learning. This may account for their lower levels of vocabulary acquisition. Additionally, Beginner speakers appear to form prototype/exemplar-based object concepts, leading to limited word extension, while Advanced speakers form featurally based object concepts, leading to broader extension.

Abstract:

AbstractForty Clun Forest lambs were removed from their dams immediately after lambing and were tested singly for 30 minutes in a circular arena under one of four conditions: (1) with no stimulation, (2) in the presence of recorded low frequency, low amplitude "rumble"-type vocalisations of the kind made by the ewe from just before lambing and in caring for her lamb, (3) in the presence of a large, rectangular, white, moving object, or (4) in the presence of the same white object and of the recorded "rumbles". The results showed that righting movements were reduced and standing delayed in the lambs which heard "rumbles", whether or not they were in the presence of the moving object. For two other indices of response there was no effect of rumbles but behaviour varied with the presence or absence of the moving object: there were fewer ear movements in lambs presented with the model, as compared with those without and there was more tail-wagging in the presence of the model, than without it. Results are discussed in terms of the dam as a composite stimulus for her lamb.

Abstract:

ABSTRACTTwelve infants were observed longitudinally to examine the relationship of children's object play and social behavior and maternal object and social-centered talk to referential and expressive language. Measures of child behavior and maternal language were coded from play sessions videotaped in the home at 12, 15, and 18 months of age; mothers recorded their babies' first 50 words. Most children acquired a balanced distribution of object labels and social-centered words and phrases; a few children evidenced a more extreme “style.” More object labels were acquired by children who more often used a toy to engage mother and who had mothers who more often talked about toys. More social-centered speech was associated with children's nontoy-mediated social attention and more maternal behavior-focused speech.

Abstract:

Em um esforço para auxiliar mães e famílias na prática e manutenção do aleitamento materno de bebês prematuros, motivamo-nos a realizar o presente estudo, visualizando a possibilidade de construir um instrumento educativo a fim de auxiliá-los neste cuidado com seus filhos prematuros. Neste sentido, os objetivos do presente estudo são: desenvolver um objeto digital de aprendizagem, um website sobre o aleitamento materno do prematuro, dirigido à família, e avaliar este objeto digital de aprendizagem junto a profissionais de enfermagem e informática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, cujo referencial teórico para o desenvolvimento do objeto digital está fundamentado em Paulo Freire e na CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction - Instrução Assistida por Computador). Como modelo de desenvolvimento de website, utilizamos o User-Centered Design (projeto centrado no usuário) cujas fases foram: escolha do tema e fatores motivacionais do projeto, avaliação e análise das necessidades de saúde junto à profissionais (por meio de chats e ligações telefônicas com um comitê de especialistas, utilizando-se de temas geradores); identificação de soluções, articulação dos objetivos e análises dos questionamentos; e desenvolvimento e prototipagem com avaliação junto aos usuários. A amostra intencional constituiu-se de 29 enfermeiros e cinco profissionais da área da informática. O instrumento de avaliação utilizado baseou-se em princípios estabelecidos pela Norma ISO 9241 (divididos em sete grupos) e de Usabilidade. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Com base nos temas sugeridos pelo comitê de especialistas, revisão da literatura e experiência profissional, os conteúdos do site foram organizados em quatro grandes itens no website: \"Meu bebê nasceu prematuro\", \"Meu bebê ainda não está mamando\", \"Meu bebê já está mamando\" e \"Vamos para casa\". Além destes conteúdos, a construção do site se deu em sete outras etapas: construção de animações e \"personagens\" do website, desenvolvimento do layout, construção de jogos educativos de acordo com os conteúdos, desenvolvimento do sistema de login e cadastro dos usuários, fale-conosco e fórum de discussão, sistema para avaliação on-line do objeto digital de aprendizagem e área administrativa do site. As respostas \"muito bom\" e \"ótimo\" representaram 86% das avaliações dos enfermeiros e 77% das avaliações dos profissionais da área de informática. Tais percentuais ampliam-se para 96% e 92%, respectivamente, ao se incorporar o conceito \"bom\". A maioria das sugestões emitidas pelos avaliadores foi incorporada na edição final do site. Assim conclui-se que o website é válido para uso e disponibilização à comunidade, constituindo-se em tecnologia inovadora dirigida aos familiares de prematuros que pode contribuir com o aprendizado e incentivo ao aleitamento materno. Ressalta-se também a necessidade de ampliação da avaliação deste website junto a outros profissionais de saúde, bem como o impacto de seu uso no processo ensino aprendizagem e na prevalência do aleitamento materno dos prematuros.
In an effort to help mothers of preterm babies in the practice and maintenance of breast feeding their children, we felt motivated to perform the present study visualizing the possibility of building an educational tool to assist them in the care to their preterms. Thus, our objectives are: developing a digital learning object - a website - about maternal breast feeding of preterm babies, directed to their families as well as evaluating the use of such digital learning object by professionals in the nursing and in the informatics area. The theoretical reference for the development of the digital learning object of this descriptive research is based on Paulo Freire and on CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction ).As a website developing model we used the User-Centered Design whose steps were: choosing the theme and the emotional factors of the project; evaluating and analyzing the health needs with professionals (through chats and phone calls to an expert committee, utilizing theme generators); identifying solutions , articulating objectives and analyzing the doubts; and developing and prototyping it according to the users\" evaluation. The intended sample was composed by 29 nurses and 5 professionals from the informatics area. The evaluation tool was based on the principles established by the ISO 9241(division in seven groups) Usability standards. The data analysis was done through descriptive statistics. The project has been approved by a Research Ethics Committee. Based on the themes suggested by the experts committee, on a bibliographical research and on professional experience, the contents of the site were organized in four main items on the website: \"My baby was born premature\", ,, My baby is not nursing yet\", My baby is already nursing\" and ,, Let´s go home\". Besides these contents, the building of the site had seven others steps: building of animations and \"characters\" of the website, layout development , building of educational games according to the contents, developing of the login system and users registration, contact us, discussion forums, online evaluation system of the digital learning object and site administration area. The answers \"very good\" and \"excellent\" represented 86% of the evaluations of the nurses and 77% of the evaluations of the professionals in the informatics area. Such percentage increases to 96% and 92% respectively when the concept \"good\" is incorporated. Most of the suggestions given by the evaluators were incorporated to the site\"s final edition. Thus, we conclude that the website is valid for the use and availability to the community, being as such an innovative technology which can contribute to the knowledge and incentive to breast feeding for the families of preterm babies. The necessity of spreading the evaluation of this website to other professionals of health is also pointed out, as well as the impact of its use in the teaching - learning process and in the prevalence of the maternal breast feeding of preterms. Keywords:

Abstract:

Com a finalidade de ampliar a compreensão da formação de vínculo entre mãe e filho e qual o papel da amamentação nesse processo, este estudo teve como objetivos: Compreender os significados atribuídos pela mulher à amamentação na construção do vínculo entre mãe e filho e compreender como os significados atribuídos pela mulher à amamentação influenciam a construção do vínculo entre mãe e filho. Utilizaram-se a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o Interacionismo Simbólico como referenciais metodológicos e teóricos, respectivamente para a análise dos dados. Foram entrevistadas 22 mulheres, sem restrição de idade ou de outra variável social ou biológica, que deram luz aos seus filhos em uma maternidade do município de Marília-SP, cujo último filho, na época da coleta de dados, estivesse com idade entre dez e 24 meses. A análise dos dados mostrou que há uma complexidade na construção da relação entre mãe e filho que pode estar vinculada à experiência da mulher e significados atribuídos desde o processo de gestar e ir além da fase da amamentação, a depender dos elementos significativos que esta mulher e seu filho tecem no decorrer de sua interação. Esses elementos podem ser compreendidos por meio de quatro temas: PERCEBENDO-SE GRÁVIDA, TENDO QUE CUIDAR DA CRIANÇA, VIVENCIANDO A AMAMENTAÇÃO e CONSTRUINDO A RELAÇÃO COM O FILHO. Nesse processo, a amamentação é interpretada como um forte elemento interacional simbólico entre a mãe e o bebê, propiciando a descoberta de sentimentos mútuos, e um significado de forte elo de ligação, interpretados e atribuídos pela mãe. A sua percepção dos sentimentos de amor e carinho, gerados neste processo do cuidar da criança, sofre retroalimentação contínua e crescente, resultado da interpretação materna em perceber a retribuição do apego da criança pela mãe, pelos gestos e pela necessidade demonstrada de proximidade por ambos. Na continuidade da construção da relação, outros elementos são descobertos e atribuídos como determinantes significativos da ligação entre eles, sendo a presença materna o elemento simbólico mais forte dessa construção, que abrange o estar grávida, amamentar e continuar no cuidado ao filho.
In order to broaden the understanding of the bonding between mother and child and the role of breastfeeding in this process, this study aimed to understand the meanings attributed to breastfeeding by the women in the construction of this bonding between mother and child, and to understand how this meanings have influence in the construction of the bond between mother and child. Data Based Theory and the Symbolic Interactionism were used as theoretical and methodological references, respectively, for data analysis. Twenty two women, irrespective of age or other social/biological variable that gave birth to their infants in a maternity hospital in the city of Marília SP and whose last child were aged between ten and 24 months at the time of data collection were interviewed. Data analysis showed that there is some complexity in the construction of the mother/child relationship that can be linked to the womans experience and to meanings attributed since the generating process that can continue beyond the lactation stage, and that depend on significant elements that this woman and her child weave during their interaction. These elements can be understood through four themes: KNOWING ABOUT THE PREGNANCY, HAVING TO TAKE CARE OF THE CHILD, EXPERIENCING THE BREASTFEEDING, and CONSTRUCTING THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHILD. During this process, breastfeeding is interpreted as a strong symbolic interactional element between mother and baby, allowing the discovery of mutual feelings, and the meaning of a strong link, interpreted and attributed by the mother. Her perception of love and affection feelings, generated during this process of taking care of the child, undergoes continual and growing feedback as a result of the maternal interpretation in noticing the retribution of the child by gestures and the need of proximity by both of them. During the continuation of this relationship, other elements are discovered and considered as significant determinants of this link; the maternal presence is the strongest symbolic element in this construction, which covers being pregnant, breastfeeding, and taking care of the child.

Abstract:

Cette thèse s’est donné pour but d’examiner dans quelle mesure des formes de stabilisations spécifiques des psychoses peuvent s’appuyer sur certaines caractéristiques du désir maternel. Freud et Lacan ont convenu que, dans l’inconscient, le sexuel, pour les deux sexes, se fonde sur une méconnaissance du sexe féminin et n’est représenté que par une seule figure symbolique, le phallus. Par conséquent, la différence des sexes ne peut s’y inscrire comme telle ; c’est ce que Freud a nommé en 1923 le « primat du phallus ». La fonction paternelle ou fonction phallique, porteuse d’une entame du sujet et d’une limitation de sa jouissance par l’accès au langage organise les représentations inconscientes du sujet. Ces aspects théoriques de la psychanalyse s’organisent essentiellement autour du père et la mère ne semble y intervenir que par ses soins, dans le réel. Lacan a cependant mis en avant que la mère joue un rôle dans la transmission du phallus symbolique en désignant à son enfant le père comme porteur du phallus symbolique et comme objet orientant son désir. La psychose se caractérise par l’inopérance du signifiant du Nom-du-Père. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes questionné sur le rôle des signifiants maternels lorsque la transmission phallique a échoué. Nous nous sommes intéressé à deux sujets, auteurs contemporains connus : Krishnamurti, orateur philosophique indien et Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosophe analytique. Ces deux sujets étaient de structure psychotique. Krishnamurti décompensa une psychose de type schizophrénique. La psychose de Ludwig Wittgenstein resta compensée tout au long de son existence. Nous proposons ici une lecture des trajets de vie et des choix subjectifs de ces deux personnages selon un angle de vision qui donne à l’objet maternel un rôle prépondérant
The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to determine to what extent some forms of stabilization of psychotic symptomatology can be supported by some characteristics of maternal desire. Freud and Lacan agreed on the fact that in the unconscious and for both sexes, presentation of sexuality is based on the ignorance of the female sex; it is actually only represented by one symbolic figure: the phallus. Therefore, the difference between the two sexes is not presented - Freud coined this phenomenon “the phallus primacy” in 1923. The paternal function (or phallic function) which dents the subject and limits its jouissance through access to language, organizes the subject's unconscious presentations. These theoretical aspects of psychoanalysis fundamentally revolve around the father figure, whereas the mother only seems to be directly involved through her care. Lacan however underlined how important the mother's role is in passing on the symbolic value of the phallus: in front of her child, she refers to the father as the bearer of the symbolic phallus and as the object of her desire. Psychosis is characterized by the inoperativeness of the Nom-du-Père signifier. This study examines the role of the maternal signifiers when the phallic transmission has failed. Two subjects have come under scrutiny, both well-known contemporary authors: Krishnamurti, an Indian philosophical orator, and Ludwig Wittgenstein, an analytic philosopher. Both subjects had a psychotic structure. Krishnamurti decompensated a schizophrenic psychosis. Ludwig Wittgenstein's psychosis remained compensated during his entire life. This work intends to examine these two characters' life courses and subjective choices in a way that gives the maternal object a dominant importance

Abstract:

The thesis deals with current cultural landscape and reflection of individual social topics in Europe. The installation consists of three objects that solve the individual theme, using material experiments. Their reactions shift these topics further to certain associations.

Abstract:

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-117).
The thesis presents a framework for Non-Line-of-Sight Computer Vision techniques using wave fronts. Using short-pulse illumination and a high speed time-of-flight camera, we propose algorithms that use multi path light transport analysis to explore the environments beyond line of sight. What is moving around the corner interests everyone including a driver taking a turn, a surgeon performing laparoscopy and a soldier entering enemy base. State of the art techniques that do range imaging are limited by (i) inability to handle multiple diffused bounces [LIDAR] (ii) Wavelength dependent resolution limits [RADAR] and (iii) inability to map real life objects [Diffused Optical Tomography]. This work presents a framework for (a) Imaging the changing Space-time-impulse-responses of moving objects to pulsed illumination (b) Tracking motion along with absolute positions of these hidden objects and (c) recognizing their default properties like material and size and reflectance. We capture gated space-time impulse responses of the scene and their time differentials allow us to gauge absolute positions of moving objects with knowledge of only relative times of arrival (as absolute times are hard to synchronize at femto second intervals). Since we record responses at very short time intervals we collect multiple readings from different points of illumination and thus capturing multi-perspective responses allowing us to estimate reflectance properties. Using this, we categorize and give parametric models of the materials around corner. We hope this work inspires further exploration of NLOS computer vision techniques.
by Rohit Pandharkar.
S.M.

Abstract:

A turn away from language and the human mind as the dominant (or only) determinants of reality can be identified within many disciplines, including anthropology, philosophy and literature, reflecting a growing acceptance of human and non-human, living and non-living entities as real, complex and partially withdrawn agents in the world. In Object Oriented Ontology the definition of object is extended to include humans, who have no special ontological status. Timothy Morton proposes rhetoric as a means of drawing closer to other objects, of contacting the ‘strange stranger’; objects cannot be known directly, or fully, but can be explored through imaginative speculation. Drawing on Object Oriented Ontology, my project explores making - an intimate engagement between body and material - as a means of thinking the body as a (strange) object within a mesh of strange objects. Facture is documented as image and language, prompting a series of shifting, speculative questions: • Can writing be brought to making to generate new new approaches to craft production? • How might writing in response to making, or objects, be reintroduced into a making process as a form of feedback? • Can writing_making methods generate new approaches to writing (about) making and materials? • How might a combination of production, documentation and reflection be displayed as artwork/research? • Can making be seen as a means for contacting the ‘strange stranger’?

Abstract:

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicossomática
O trabalho consiste num estudo exploratório sobre o funcionamento psicológico de mães de rapazes alérgicos alimentares. Pretendeu-se evidenciar um padrão comum relativamente ao tipo de laços afectivos, emocionais e de vinculação que estabeleceram durante a infância e adolescência, com a família e actualmente com os pares e o respectivo filho alérgico.As seis mães que fazem parte desta amostra vivem com o marido e filhos. Todas tiveram ou têm algumas manifestações de tipo alérgico.A bateria de instrumentos utilizada para estudar as relações afectivas interpessoais que as pessoas aprendem e usam normalmente desde o nascimento e durante o ciclo de vida, foi a mesma que a Professora Doutora Cristina Canavarro usou na sua Dissertação de Doutoramento à Faculdade de Psicologia de Coimbra em 1977.Consistiu a) numa Escala de Memórias de Infância sobre Estilos Educativos Parentais, EMBU, b) numa prova semi-projectiva de Desenhos de Círculos Representativos da Proximidade Emocional estabelecida com os pais, em separado, ao longo de várias fases do ciclo de vida, DCRF, c) numa Escala de Vinculação do Adulto, EVA e d) num Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos, BSI. No DCRF deste estudo, introduz-se mais um item representativo da Proximidade Emocional estabelecida entre cada mãe e o seu filho, durante o desenvolvimento deste.A hipótese de se evidenciar um padrão comum relativamente ao tipo de laços afectivos emocionais e de vinculação, diferente do obtido na população portuguesa por Canavarro (1999), foi apoiada pelos resultados que permitem a verificação de:laços de Sobreprotecção em relação à educação recebida de ambos os paisausência de laços de Proximidade Emocional com o seu próprio pai nas fases do nascimento, da infância, da pré-adolescência e actualmentelaços de grande Proximidade Emocional em relação à sua própria mãe, principalmente nas fases do nascimento, da escolaridade, da pré-adolescência, da adolescência e actualmentelaços de grande Proximidade Emocional com o seu filho alérgicolaços de Vinculação com o adulto de tipo Evitante sintomas de perturbação emocional como: Somatização, Obsessão-compulsão, Sensibilidade Interpessoal, Depressão, Ansiedade, Hostilidade e psicoticismo.A hipótese não foi confirmada em aspectos como:as mães não sentiram Rejeição nem falta de Suporte Emocional no estilo Educativo Parentalnão apresentam sintomas psicopatológicos de Ansiedade Fóbica e Ideação Paranóideapresentam laços de grande Proximidade Emocional actualmente com ambos os pais.Como conclusão, as mães apresentam um funcionamento psicológico do ego muito próximo de um funcionamento defeituoso, cujas bases biológicas aparentemente não serevelam.Algumas raizes dos modelos de comportamento materno podem influenciar a modulação do Sistema Nervoso Central do seu filho que, a par da informação genética, se vai completando, desde o nascimento, através de um papel materno fundamental no processo da Regulação da memória, da emoção, das relações interpessoais como a vinculaçãO, do sistema nervoso autónomo e do sistema imunitário. Se a sensibilidade materna definida como a capacidade, habilidade e desejo de perceber a comunicação emocional do filho, como o reflexo no seu comportamento, expressão emocional e vocalizações, observa e os interpreta do ponto de vista da criança e lhes responde adequada e prontamente de acordo com o desenvolvimento e necessidades do filho, não estiver presente, pode inibir ou deformar o desenvolvimento da auto-regulação da criança, o que pode predispor ao adoecer infantil.

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-224).
Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) processes have demonstrated the ability to produce parts with locally controlled composition. To exploit this potential, methods to represent and exchange parts with varying local composition need to be proposed and evaluated. In modeling such parts efficiently, any such method should provide a concise and accurate description of all of the relevant information about the part with minimal cost in terms of storage. To address these issues, several approaches to modeling Functionally Graded Material (FGM) objects are evaluated based on their memory requirements. Through this research, an information pathway for processing FGM objects based on image processing is proposed. This pathway establishes a clear separation between design of FGM objects, their processing, and their fabrication. Similar to how an image is represented by a continuous vector valued function of the intensity of the primary colors over a two-dimensional space, an FGM object is represented by a vector valued function spanning a Material Space, defined over the three dimensional Build Space. Therefore, the Model Space for FGM objects consists of a Build Space and a Material Space. The task of modeling and designing an FGM object, therefore, is simply to accurately represent the function m(x) where x E Build Space. Data structures for representing FGM objects are then described and analyzed, including a voxel based structure, finite element method, and the extension of the Radial-Edge and Cell-Tuple-Graph data structures mains in order to represent spatially varying properties. All of the methods are capable of defining the function m(x) but each does so in a different way. Along with introducing each data structure, the storage cost for each is derived in terms of the number of instances of each of its fundamental classes required to represent an object. In order to determine the optimal data structure to model FGM objects, the storage cost associated with each data structure for representing several hypothetical models is calculated. Although these models are simple in nature, their curved geometries and regions of both piece-wise constant and non-linearly graded compositions reflect the features expected to be found in real applications. In each case, the generalized cellular methods are found to be optimal, accurately representing the intended design.
by Todd Robert Jackson.
Ph.D.

Abstract:

This thesis explores the impact of material objects on people’s identity at work. I address the significance of this question, arguing that materiality, particularly the place it holds in the lives of individuals, has been less considered in relation to people at work than in other disciplines such as consumer studies. My research questions are: to consider how people conceptualise objects at work, to ask how objects and people are mutually implicated at work and to identify how this interactivity impacts on people’s identity at work. I review studies on material objects in organizations and studies on identity, using literature from organization studies and psychology . My data collection uses a qualitative approach based on participant-led photography. The literature review had raised the issue of many studies focusing on people at the same level in an organization. In order to develop this work, the participant group were selected from multiple organizations and different levels of employment. Participants were asked to photograph all objects in their immediate working spaces which had meaning for them. They were then asked about the meaning of the objects and completed a repertory grid analysis exercise. The thesis’ contributions consist in a specific focus on the place of materiality in identity in organizations for a wide range of workers. It draws on psychology in its use of mixed methods. It develops previous work in offering a view of materiality in practice as both representational and performative, affording practices and meeting areas of lack. It indicates that objects act as a collection through their connection to personal values which otherwise have no means of expression in the social and legal ordering of the workplace. It is recommended that organizations take cognizance of, and respect, the place which things seen as personal objects play at work.

Abstract:

There are strong co-relations between material assignment, shape, and functionality of a part in overall product/assembly. However, these strong co-relations are rarely exploited for automated material assignment. We present a probabilistic graphical model-based approach to automatically assign materials to the parts (components) of a 3D object (assembly). The presented model performs material assignment by identifying the relations between shape, functionality, and materials of parts in the existing database objects. By learning the context dependent correlation without supervision from a set of objects and their segmented parts, the learned model can be used to assign proper real materials to the parts of a query object. Our primary contributions are: a) the real materials definition and assignment and b) assigning materials based on the functionality and form of the parts in the object. The performance of proposed computational approach is demonstrated by results of material assignment on various query objects without pre-specified material definitions.

Abstract:

Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) smoothly transition from one material to another within a single object, allowing engineers to customize the physical response of different regions of the object by modifying the material composition at each region. New FGM research makes design, manufacturing, and use of FGM objects a promising alternative to hom*ogeneous objects or composites with one direction of gradation. Heterogeneous anisotropic artifacts can be manufactured with specific 3D printing processes and potentially bring significant increases in functionalities. However, many challenges exist while designing and manufacturing these objects. This paper explores these challenges and suggests needed research. In particular the ability to model FGM objects, setup and run optimization algorithms, create manufacturing process plans, and control the manufacturing process all need more research and better software tools. In addition, researchers must rigorously test optimally designed FGM objects in order to validate the FGM object properties and the FGM design process before adoption of FGM objects by industry is likely to occur.

Abstract:

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is an important step for the design of structures or components formed by heterogeneous objects such as multi-materials, Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), etc. The main objective of the FEA-based design of heterogeneous objects is to simultaneously optimize both geometry and material distribution over the design domain (e.g., hom*ogenization Design Method). However, the accuracy of the FEA-based design wholly depends on the quality of the finite element models. Therefore, there exists an increasing need for generating finite element models adaptive to both geometric complexity and material distribution. This paper introduces a method for FEA-based design of heterogeneous objects. At the design stage, a heterogeneous solid model is first created by referring to the libraries of primary materials and composition functions that are already available in the field of material science. The heterogeneous solid model is then discretized into an object model onto which appropriate material properties are mapped. Discretization converts continuous material variations inside an object into stepwise variations. Next, the object model is adaptively meshed and converted into a finite element model. The meshing algorithm first creates nodes on the iso-material curves (or surfaces) of heterogeneous solid models. Triangular (or tetrahedral) meshes are then generated inside each iso-material region formed by iso-material curves (or surfaces). FEA using commercial software is finally performed to estimate stress levels. This FEA-based design cycle is repeated until a satisfactory solution is obtained. If the design objective is satisfactory, the object model is fed to the fabrication system where a process planning is performed to create instructions for LM machines. An example (FGM pressure vessel) is shown to illustrate the entire FEA-based design cycle.

Abstract:

This paper presents the challenges and solutions encountered while printing functionally gradient material (FGM) objects using an off the shelf Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer. The printer, Build Builder Dual-Feed Extruder from 3dprinter4u, has the unique design of extruding two different filaments out of one nozzle. Two separate motors independently pull two different filaments into one chamber causing plastic to extrude out of one nozzle. By using different filaments with different properties, an object with a material properties gradient can be manufactured. These material property gradients can help minimize the difficulty of bonding two different materials directly to each other, and give the designer the ability to tailor individual regions of one object to have different physical properties. Finding an optimal object design that can take advantage of this gradation is a unique problem that goes beyond the traditional solid modeling found in most CAD software. Once a design is obtained, slicing the object and creating an optimal build path is challenging because the gradation must be considered. Several objects were designed and manufactured to test the printers ability to print FGM objects. The python code used to add gradient change commands to the existing Gcode, and to slice a FGM flywheel while taking into account the material gradation has been made open source.

Abstract:

Functionally graded materials (FGM) have recently attracted a lot of research attention in the wake of the recent prominence of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The continuously varying spatial composition profile of two or more materials affords FGM object to simultaneously possess ideal properties of multiple different materials. Additionally, emerging technologies in AM domain enables one to make complex shapes with customized multifunctional material properties in an additive fashion, where laying down successive layers of material creates an object. In this paper, we focus on providing an overview of research at the intersection of AM techniques and FGM objects. We specifically discuss the FGM modeling representation schemes and outline a classification system to classify existing FGM representation methods. We also highlight the key aspects such as the part orientation, slicing, and path planning processes that are essential for fabricating a quality FGM object through the use of multi-material AM techniques.

Abstract:

The paper presents the approach that extends the opportunities of Web environments in BIM model processing and allows implementation of the bigger amount of analysis that is based on the object’s positioning. With the developed relations, the objects in the BIM model can be considered not just like independent 3D objects in the WebGL environment but as objects that are linked between each other and can act by the rules that defined to each type of the objects. Correlated co-ordinates will be useful for the architects, building operators and facility managers who use the BIM model for the management of the building and its components. This method can be used to increase the effectiveness of space management, clash detection, relocation management and space programming as well as existing conditions modelling and lighting analysis can be done in a way that is more efficient due to possibility of implementation of the survey coordinate system that will give the coordinates to each object in the scene.

Abstract:

Relation oriented modeling approaches are proposed to design heterogeneous objects. The heterogeneous object modeling process is viewed as representing and manipulating complex geometrical, topological and material variation relations with proper data structures. Linear list structure, hierarchical tree structures and more general graph structures are used to represent complex heterogeneous objects. The powerful non-manifold cellular representation and the hierarchical heterogeneous feature tree representation are combined to model complex objects with simultaneous geometry intricacies and compound material variations. We demonstrate that relations play critical roles in heterogeneous object design and under the relation oriented framework, heterogeneous objects can be modeled with generic, uniform representations. The proposed relation oriented modeling approaches are tested with a prototype heterogeneous CAD modeler and presented with different types of heterogeneous object examples.

Abstract:

This paper describes an algorithm for automated design of multi-stage molds for manufacturing multi-material objects using multi-shot injection molding process. The algorithm described in this paper is a significant improvement over our previous algorithm [15] that worked on multi-material objects with simple planar interfaces. In the multi-stage molding process, the desired multi-material object is produced by carrying out multiple molding operations in a sequence, adding one material in the target object in each mold-stage. Each mold-stage can add only one type of material. Therefore, we need a sequence of mold-stages such that (1) each mold-stage adds a single-material component either fully or partially, and (2) the molding sequence completely produces the desired object. We expect that our algorithm will provide the necessary foundations for automating the design of multi-stage molds and therefore will help in significantly reducing the mold manufacturing lead-time.

Abstract:

Abstract Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), initially conceptualized in the ’80, have recently attracted a great research interest thanks to the advent of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. AM permits to gradationally varying the spatial composition or porosity inside an object resulting in a corresponding spatial change in material properties. The data about this new class of materials are radically different from the traditional engineering materials and require information about the object geometry. Moreover, traditional methods for product design are not sufficient to represent heterogeneous objects. The full exploitation of these technologies requires the synergy of material science, product modeling and manufacturing domain. Ontologies can play a crucial role for the integration, making the information accessible and understandable to both experts from different domains and machines. In this paper, a prototypical ontology for the characterization of FGM objects is proposed. Firstly, an already existing FGM ontology is analyzed, highlighting shortcomings and possible improvements. Then, the new ontology is proposed, focusing on the classes and relationships for accommodating material knowledge and geometrical information. The core idea, retrieved from the literature on heterogeneous object representation and transposed in an ontological fashion, is based on the mapping between the geometrical 3D space and the n-dimensional material space. After presenting the new ontology, a benchmark case study is described to test the effectiveness of this approach along with some competency questions an engineer might be interested in. The proposed ontology represents a first, crucial building block for a more complex system aiming to support the communication and knowledge sharing among different actors in engineering.

Abstract:

An approach to increasing sensor performance and detection reliability for buried objects is to better understand which physical processes are dominant under certain environmental conditions. The present effort (Phase 2) builds on our previously published prior effort (Phase 1), which examined methods of determining the probability of detection and false alarm rates using thermal infrared for buried-object detection. The study utilized a 3.05 × 3.05 m test plot in Hanover, New Hampshire. Unlike Phase 1, the current effort involved removing the soil from the test plot area, hom*ogenizing the material, then reapplying it into eight discrete layers along with buried sensors and objects representing targets of inter-est. Each layer was compacted to a uniform density consistent with the background undisturbed density. hom*ogenization greatly reduced the microscale soil temperature variability, simplifying data analysis. The Phase 2 study spanned May–November 2018. Simultaneous measurements of soil temperature and moisture (as well as air temperature and humidity, cloud cover, and incoming solar radiation) were obtained daily and recorded at 15-minute intervals and coupled with thermal infrared and electro-optical image collection at 5-minute intervals.

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of environmental phenomonology on the ability to detect buried objects and to provide a predictive capability of when targets are best detectable with IR sensors. Jay Clausen presented this material at the ERDC RD20 Conference.

Abstract:

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize multiple devices, like high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, to interpret the driving environment and achieve full autonomy. One of these instruments—the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor—utilizes pulsed infrared (IR) light, typically at wavelengths of 905 nm or 1,550 nm, to calculate object distance and position. Exterior automotive paint covers an area larger than any other exterior material. Therefore, understanding how LiDAR wavelengths interact with vehicle coatings is extremely important for the safety of future automated driving technologies. Sensing technologies and materials are two different industries that have not directly interacted in the perception and system sense. With the new applications in the AV industry, multidisciplinary approaches need to be taken to ensure reliability and safety in the future. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles provides a transversal view of different industry segments, from pigment and coating manufacturers to LiDAR components and vehicle system development and integration. The report includes a structured decomposition of the different variables and technologies involved.

Abstract:

The article discusses the physical model of the implicative form of Consciousness in the form of a holographic wave matrix, for which the material basis is directly the phase environment that fills the entire Space. It is shown that a similar form of Consciousness that exists outside the human brain can be represented as a kind of software shell that controls all forms of matter by implementing a fractal cyclic iterative algorithm. The condition for the completion of each iterative cycle at each scale level is the observance of the laws of symmetry that ensure the survival of the object in the process of copying-incarnation.

Abstract:

The article considers the model of the space-frequency-time continuum, according to which the physical essence of Time is manifested as a fraction of electromagnetic energy spent on updating a material object in a cyclic process of copying-incarnation. For all structural levels of physical reality, the value of this fraction is a fundamental constant, which can be represented as the tangent of the loss angle, or expressed in radians, as the angle of inclination of the evolutionary spiral, which characterizes the rate of change of states or the duration of events and processes. The value of this constant can be calculated, and its value turns out to be identically equals to the square of the fine structure Constant (α2). The description of the method for identifying a new constant allows us to present the formula of Scientific Discovery as the Physical Essence of Time.